Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States,
Average number of cigarettes per smoker per day (age 15+)

The average number of cigarettes per smoker per day.

Sources and Methods

Australia

For 1998 onward: National Drug Strategy Household Survey, population aged 14 and over.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2008. 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: First Results. AIHW Cat. No. PHE 98. Canberra: AIHW (and previous issues). Also at www.aihw.gov.au.
Until 1995: Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria survey data, population aged 16 and over.
Hill DJ, White VM & Scollo MM (1998). Smoking behaviors of Australian adults in 1995: trends and concerns. Medical Journal of Australia 168: 209-213 (and prior articles).
* Note that mean number of cigarettes smoked is an underestimate, as the survey question was structured in ranges. The mean number of cigarettes smoked was calculated using an upper limit of 31 cigarettes.

Austria

2006/2007: Austrian Health Survey.

Belgium

* In 2004, the source is the Belgian Health Interview Survey.

Canada

Statistics Canada. General Social Survey (GSS), 1985 and 1991. National Population Health Survey (NPHS), 1996/97. Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) for 2000/01, 2003, 2005 and 2007, custom tabulations.
Health Canada. National Alcohol and Drugs Survey, 1989. Health Promotion Survey, 1990. Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS), 1999 and 2000, at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/index_e.html.
* CCHS is a biennial survey of persons aged 12 years old and over, living in private dwellings, half of whom are interviewed in person, and the other half by telephone. It excludes persons living on Indian Reserves or Crown lands, residents of institutions, full-time members of the Canadian Armed Forces, and residents of certain remote regions. The CCHS covers approximately 98% of the Canadian population aged 12 and over. Data are collected directly from respondents.
* Data shows the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by daily smokers aged 15 +.
* Data from other surveys had different methodologies and the relevant questions asked in a different manner, thus comparisons between surveys should be done with caution.

Czech Republic

* Data not available.

Denmark

Scandinavian Tobacco Company.

Finland

National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion.
* "Health Behavior among the Finnish Adult Population", survey data.
* Random sample (N=5000) of population annually (since 1978).
* Population aged between 15 and 64 years old.

France

Enquête Santé, Soins et Protection Sociale (ESPS), see http://www.irdes.fr/EspaceRecherche/Enquetes/ESPS/EnqueteESPS.html.
* Calculation: [ (Tons of tobacco sold * 1 000 000 000 (in order to obtain grams)) / (population aged 15 years old and over * percentage of total smokers aged 15 years old and over) ] / 365.
* Tobacco, in tons: OFDT, Données nationales, tableau de bord tabac, Bilan de l’année 2008.
See http://www.ofdt.fr/ofdtdev/live/donneesnat/tabtabac.html.

Germany

Federal Statistical Office, Microcensus survey - Questions on health, published in ‘Living in Germany – households, families and health, results of the 2005 microcensus'
http://www.destatis.de/ or http://gbe-bund.de.
* The microcensus is an omnibus survey containing health-related topics (about smoking habits) conducted in different time slices (1978, 1989, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2005).
* Until 1990, Federal Republic of Germany; from 1991 Germany after reunification.

Greece

* Data not available.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary. www.ksh.hu.
* From 1990, the annual consumption of pure tobacco in grams, per person, aged 15 years and over.

Iceland

* Data not available.

Ireland

Office of Tobacco Control: the Office monitors cigarette smoking prevalence and behaviour on a monthly basis.
* The data consists of a collection of 1,000 responses per month from the Irish population over 15 years of age. This data is published at www.otc.ie/research_reports.asp.
* One of the questions reports on consumption: How many cigarettes do you smoke per day? Data for the 12 month periods ending December is provided (the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day).

Italy

ISTAT, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (National Institute of Statistics).
* Health Survey 1983.
* Survey “Aspect of daily living”, carried out every year, is the data source used for data from 1993. Updated figures refer to 2007.

Japan

Japan Health Promotion & Fitness Foundation (2008).

Korea

Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Report on the National Health and Nutrition Survey in 1998 and 2001.
* 1998 and 2001: population aged 20 years old or more.

Luxembourg

* Data not available.

Mexico

* Data not available.

Netherlands

Health Interview Survey (1989-2003, 2005 and later); from 1997-2004: the Integrated System of Social Surveys.
* Includes both regular and occasional smokers.
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.

New Zealand

ACNielsen (NZ) Ltd.
* Annual Survey of 10,000 people. Female/male smokers: 5-yearly census data. Statistics New Zealand.
* From 2006, three datasets provide accurate and representative information about smoking prevalence and other smoking statistics. These are the: New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS), New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey (NZTUS), and the 5 yearly Census. These are the 3 key sources which will be used to provide updates of daily smokers and average cigarettes smoked per day for OECD Health Data submissions from 2006 onwards.
* The New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey (NZTUS) is a national tobacco use survey and is repeated two out of every three years. Data are collected over a three-month period, with the New Zealand Health Survey supplying core tobacco use data for the ‘third’ year. The first NZTUS was in 2006.

Norway

Norwegian Directorate of Health, Department for Tobacco Control /Statistics Norway.
* Average number of cigarettes per smoker per day.
* Covering persons aged 16 to 74 years old only.
* Interview survey, Statistics Norway.

Poland

1996 and 2001 - Central Statistical Office.
* Health Interview Survey and Multi-dimensional Living Conditions Questionnaire Survey conducted by CSO.
* 1996, 2001 data refers to the population aged 18 years old and over.
* Instrument includes the following questions:
1. Do you smoke cigarettes or other tobacco products?
- yes, daily (skip to 2)
- yes, occasionally
- no, but I smoked daily
- no, but I smoked occasionally
- no, I have never smoked
2. How many cigarettes do you smoke daily on average?
2004 - Central Statistical Office.
Health Interview Survey conducted by CSO.
* Data refers to the population 15 years and over.
* Instrument comprises of following questions:
1. Do you currently smoke cigarettes or other tobacco products (ex. pipe, cigars)?
- yes, everyday (go on to question 2)
- yes, occasionally
- no, but I used to smoke everyday
- no, but I used to smoke occasionally
- no, I never smoked
2. How many cigarettes do you usually smoke every day?

Portugal

Ministry of Health, Departamento de Estudos e Planeamento da Saúde.
* 1987 National Health Survey.
* 1995-96 National Health Survey.
Ministry of Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde - Dr. Ricardo Jorge.
* 1998-99 National Health Survey.

Slovak Republic

Public Health Office.
* For 2006, Data refers to the population aged 18 and over.

Spain

Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs - Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. 1993, 1995, 1997.
* Further information at
http://www.msc.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/encuestaNacional/home.htm.
* Average number of cigarettes per daily smoker. Includes only valid responses to "number of cigarettes consumed".
* The health survey targets a representative sample of the non-institutionalised Spanish population of both sexes and covers the entire country.

Sweden

Statistics Sweden/National Survey of living conditions (ULF).
* The surveys are conducted as personal interviews with a random sample from the population (including the institutionalised) aged 16-84 years old. 12,000 to 13,000 people are interviewed over a period of 2 years.

Switzerland

Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Swiss Health Survey 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007.
* Average daily number of cigarettes per smoker of cigarettes aged 15 years old and over.
* Less than one cigarette per day = 0.
* Smokers of cigars or pipes are not included.

Turkey

Tobacco, Tobacco Products and Alcoholic Drinks Market Regulation Board.
National Burden of Disease and Cost Effectiveness Study, School of Public Health of the Ministry of Health.
*Data is for the population aged 18 years old and over.

United Kingdom

Office for National Statistics (ONS), Central Survey Unit (CSU) of the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA).
* 1960-1989, 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2006 Great Britain; 1990-2000 and 2002 United Kingdom.
* Number of cigarettes smoked per day calculated using data from the ONS General Household Survey (GHS) and the NISRA Continuous Household Survey. Smokers aged 16 or over in the UK.
* The smoking module of the survey has been carried out in alternate years up to 2000. Thereafter this module has been included every year in Great-Britain.
* Data from 2000 has been weighted.

United States

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
Coverage: National Representative Sample of the U.S. Civilian Non-Institutionalized Population.
Periodicity: Data collected annually since 1997. Between 1965 and 1995, data was collected in selected years, as shown.
Deviation from the definition: Data does not match OECD definition. Population estimates are for the population aged 18 years old and over in all years, except 1976 and 1977, when the minimum age was 20 years.
Deviation from calculation method: Calculation methods match OECD definition.
Break in series:For years 1965-1990, daily smoking could not be identified in the NHIS. Therefore, estimates of mean number of cigarettes for these years reflect amounts for all current smokers. Beginning in 1991, the NHIS distinguished between daily and non-daily smokers and estimates of mean number of cigarettes smoked for these years reflect amounts for daily smokers only.

                                                  
Source OECD HEALTH DATA 2009, November 09Last update: 06/13/2009